三种不同麻醉方式对产妇血流动力学及新生儿的影响

目的;探讨硬膜外麻醉、蛛网膜下腔-硬膜外麻、气管插管全麻三种不同麻醉方式对剖宫产产妇血流动力学及胎儿的影响。方法:纳入行择期剖宫产产妇152例,采用随机表法将其分为硬膜外组(48例)、腰硬联合麻醉组(52例)、气管内插管全麻组(52例)。观察麻醉前正常状态时(T1)、麻醉成功后5 min(T2)、胎儿娩出时(T3)三个时间点产妇SBP、DBP、HR、SV、CO、SVR及胎儿相关指标,包括出生后1 min、5 min Apgar评分、脐动脉血pH、PCO_2、PO_2。结果:硬膜外麻、腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉、全麻三组间麻醉起效时间有明显统计学差异(P0.05),气管内插管全麻组起效时间最快。三组间在T1时间点SBP、DBP、HR、SV、CO、SVR差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在T2时间点,硬膜外麻、联合麻醉、全麻三组SBP、DBP、HR、SVR水平均较T1时间点明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T2时间点,全麻组SBP、DBP、HR、SVR水平高于硬膜外、联合麻醉组(P0.05)。T3时间点三组SBP、DBP、HR、SV、CO水平均较T2时间相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T3时间点,全麻组SBP、DBP、SVR高于其他两组,心率低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组间新生儿出生后1 min Apagr、5 min Apgar评分、脐动脉血学pH、PCO_2无统计学差异(P0.05)。三组间脐动脉血PO_2有明显统计学差异(P0.05),气管内插管全麻组脐动脉血PO_2最高。结论:三种麻醉均可以用于剖宫产术,全麻剖宫产术对产妇血流动力学影响最小,起效快,但对胎儿脐动脉血氧浓度有一定的影响。     

静脉联合腹腔热灌注化疗对老年复发卵巢癌的临床效果

目的:对比分析静脉联合腹腔热灌注化疗与全身静脉化疗治疗老年复发卵巢癌的临床效果。方法:以2010年1月至2010年12月我院收治的80例老年复发卵巢癌患者为研究对象,行随机数字表法均分为观察组和对照组。观察组(n=40)行静脉联合腹腔热灌注化疗对照组(n=40)仅行全身静脉化疗。持续四个周期后统计疗效、不良反应,治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+;持续随访,统计1年生存率、2年生存率、3年生存率、平均生存时间。结果觌察组总有效率(75.0%vs 52.5%)显著高于对照组;不良反应发生率(22.5%vs 80.0%)明显低于对照组;CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均显著高于对照组;1年生存率(72.5%vs 55.0%)、2年生存率(27.5%vs 7.5%)均显著高于对照组;平均生存时间(16.8±2.1)月vs(13.8±1.8)月显著长于对照组。结论:静脉联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗老年复发卵巢癌疗效显著,值得推广。     

BIS监测下丙泊酚靶控静脉麻醉与七氟醚麻醉效果比较

目的:比较BIS监测下丙泊酚靶控输注全凭静脉麻醉与七氟醚静吸复合麻醉两种方式下的腹腔镜下子宫切除手术患者麻醉效果。方法:46例择期腹腔镜下子宫切除患者,ASAI`II级,随机分为:丙泊酚靶控全凭静脉麻醉组(TCI组)和七氟醚静吸复合麻醉组(SD组),各23例。术中均监测BIS值(维持在40~60)。记录麻醉诱导前(T1)、手术开始30 min(T2)、术后1 h(T3)患者血压(BP)和心率(HR);记录术后自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间;记录术中知晓发生率和术后24小时恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率。结果:TCI组与SD组患者BP和HR在T1、T2、T3各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);TCI组呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间均早于SD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未发生术中知晓;但术后24小时PONV发生率TCI组明显低于SD组(P0.05)。结论:在BIS监测下,丙泊酚靶控全凭静脉麻醉与七氟醚静吸复合麻醉用于腔镜下子宫切除手术均能够维持术中患者血流动力学平稳,预防术中知晓,但全凭静脉麻醉较静吸复合麻醉患者术后恢复更快,术后24小时恶心呕吐发生率低。     

地佐辛结合表面麻醉对气管插管患者血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨地佐辛结合表面麻醉对气管插管患者血流动力学的影响。方法:选取2013年4月-2015年7月在我院接受治疗的急诊饱胃清醒患者80例,依据麻醉方法不同,将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者采用生理盐水结合表面麻醉,研究组患者采用地佐辛结合表面麻醉。观察并比较两组患者不同时间点血流动力学的变化情况。结果:T1时,两组患者HR、MAP比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);T2、T3、T4时,研究组患者HR、MAP均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者气管插管诱导时间显著短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);T2、T3时,研究组患者体动评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地佐辛结合表面麻醉对气管插管患者的血流动力学影响较小,麻醉应激反应较轻微,值得临床推广应用。     

右美托咪定预防全麻下后路减压椎间植骨融合术后寒战的临床研究

目的:观察右美托咪定对全麻下后路减压椎间植骨融合术(PLIF)后寒战的预防效果。方法:选择行全身麻醉的PLIF手术患者80例,并将其随机分为高剂量右美托咪定组(HD组)、中剂量右美托咪定组(MD组)、低剂量右美托咪定组(LD组)和对照组(C组),每组20例患者。HD组、MD组及LD组在麻醉诱导后分别以0.8、0.5及0.2μg/kg/h静脉泵注右美托咪定至手术结束前40 min;C组泵注生理盐水。监测并记录患者麻醉前的基础体温值及BIS值,送入恢复室即刻、20 min、40 min、60 min的Ramsay镇静评分值、体温值;记录各组手术时长、拔管时间、术中输液量及失血量以及心动过缓、恶心、呕吐等不良反应的发生情况和苏醒期各组寒战程度分级及发生情况。结果:各组患者手术结束时的体温均较基础体温明显降低(P0.05)。入恢复室后,HD组同一时段的Ramsay镇静评分显著高于其他三组(P0.01)。HD组的拔管时间明显延长(P0.01)。与C组比较,MD组及HD组术后心动过缓、口干的发生率明显升高(P0.05),而恶心、呕吐及呛咳的发生率明显降低(P0.05)。在恢复室观察期间,MD组及HD组寒战的发生率较C组明显降低(P0.01);MD组寒战发生率也明显低于LD组(P0.05)。结论:0.5μg/kg/h持续泵注右美托咪定可以有效预防全麻下PLIF手术术后寒战的发生。     

Associated endocrine,physiological and behavioral changes in rhesus monkeys after intravenous corticotropin-releasing factor administration

The intravenous (IV) administration of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) (10 and 125 μg/kg) to chair restrained rhesus monkeys stimulated the pituitary-adrenal axis. At these doses, increases in plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were associated with blood pressure decreases and behavioral effects. These data demonstrate that synthetic ovine CRF (10 and 125 μg/kg) administered IV to the rhesus monkey results in associated endocrine, physiological, and behavioral changes.     

窒息对大鼠脊髓诱发电位的影响

实验在筒箭毒制动的麻醉与清醒大鼠上进行。用银球电极记录刺激腓神经引起的脊髓诱发电位,观察其在窒息和窒息后恢复通气过程中的变化。窒息后P波振幅最先降低,N波次之,A波在P、N波消失时下降到前对照的80％左右。窒息3分钟时恢复通气后,按A、N、P波的顺序恢复到前对照水平。窒息及其恢复过程中,不同于A波的变化,N、 P相伴改变。麻醉与清醒状态下,上述变化规律相似。结果提示,有突触活动参与的N波,特别是P波对窒息最敏感,反映初级传入末梢活动的A波对窒息有相当的耐受性。     

The Effect of Acute Hypoxia on Synaptosomes from Rat Brain

Abstract: Synaptosomes have been isolated from the brains of nonanesthetized and nembutal-anesthetized rats subjected to 30 min hypoxia induced by breathing 7% oxygen in nitrogen. The respiratory rate was depressed in synaptosomes from starved hypoxic animals but was not significantly different from the respective control values in preparations from fed hypoxic animals, anesthetized animals, and hypoxic nonanesthetized animals allowed to recover from the hypoxic episode by 60 min of normoxic conditions. Observations are also reported concerning the levels of various metabolites in the synaptosomes isolated from the brains of the same groups of animals. It is suggested that hypoxia results in damage to the synaptosomal and/or mitochondrial membrane, which modifies substrate oxidation in the mitochondria and decreases availability of reducing equivalents for the respiratory chain. Results obtained on afflicted and recovered animals indicate that synaptosomal preparations provide a useful model for the study of hypoxic damage.     

Electrocardiography of the Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea)

For electrocardiography to be a useful diagnostic tool, it is important to establish the electrocardiographic parameters of a specific population under similar conditions of data collection. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) collected from 14 (4.10) Anoyx cinerea, chemically immobilized with a ketamine/midazolam combination, are analyzed for their mean, range, and standard deviation of parameters. A mean dosage of 10.7 mg/kg ketamine combined with 0.23 mg/kg midazolam is required for immobilization. The effects of chemical immobilization on ECG parameters were found to be minimal, with the exception of an increase in heart rate.     

Portacaval Anastomosis: Brain and Plasma Metabolite Abnormalities and the Effect of Nutritional Therapy

Abstract: Rats with portacaval shunts were used as a model of hepatic encephalopathy and compared to sham-operated controls. First, the changes in intermediary metabolites and amino acids in blood and whole brain were characterized and found to be similar at 4 and 7 weeks after shunting. Second, the effects of nutritional therapy on selected metabolites and tryptophan transport into brain were assessed in rats 5 weeks after surgery. Ordinary food was removed and the rats were treated with glucose given either by mouth or intravenously, or intravenous glucose plus branched chain amino acids. Several abnormalities in plasma amino acid concentrations were reversed by treatment. The abnormally high brain uptake index of tryptophan, a consequence of portacaval shunting, was not lowered by any of the treatment regimens; it was even higher in the groups given glucose by mouth and glucose plus amino acids. Calculated competition for entry of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine into brain was unchanged (glucose plus amino aicds), or reduced (glucose alone). Brain glutamine content was brought to near normal by all treatments. Infusion of glucose plus branched chain amino acids normalized brain content of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, even though the brain uptake index of tryptophan was higher in this group. Thus, partial or complete reversal of several abnormalities found after portacaval shunting was achieved by removal of oral food and administration of glucose. The addition of branched chain amino acids to the glucose infusion restored brain content of three aromatic amino acids to near normal, by a mechanism which appeared to be unrelated to transport across the blood-brain barrier.